阳小莉

• 1:天津大学外国语学院

摘要(Abstract)：

20世纪90年代后期兴起的新物质主义已经成为当代欧美哲学和批判理论中最重要和最有活力的思潮之一。从去人类中心主义和反文化建构主义研究的立场出发，新物质主义主张物质具有能动性和生机力，并在此基础上提出关系本体论。在新物质主义的视野下，人与非人物质具有物质性上的绝对相连。与此同时，非人物质具有与人平等的生态、社会和政治的参与性和行动力。尽管带有无法避免的为物质赋魅和拟人化色彩，作为一个集本体论—认识论—伦理观于一体的哲学思潮，新物质主义可以为人类世提供一种可资借鉴的新的本体论和生态伦理观。

关键词(KeyWords)： 新物质主义;能动性;生机力;关系本体论;人类世

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 阳小莉

参考文献(References)：

• Alaimo,Stacy.Bodily Nature:Science,Environment,and the Material Self.Bloomington and Indianapolis:Indiana University Press,2010.
• Alaimo,Stacy,and Susan Hekman,eds.Material Feminisms.Bloomington and Indianapolis:Indiana University Press,2008.
• Barad,Karen.Meeting the Universe Halfway:Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning.Durham and London:Duke University Press,2007.
• Bennett,Jane.Vibrant Matter:A Political Ecology of Things.Durham and London:Duke University Press,2010.
• Benson,Melinda H.“New Materialism:An Ontology for the Anthropocene.” Natural Resources Journal 59.2 (2019):251-280.
• Boysen,Benjamin.“The Embarrassment of Being Human:A Critique of New Materialism and Object-Oriented Ontology.” Orbis Litterarum 73.3 (2018):225-242.
• Braidotti,Rosi.The Posthuman.Cambridge:Polity,2013.
• ---.“Interview with Rosi Braidotti.” New Materialism:Interviews and Cartographies.Eds.Rick Dolphijn and Iris van der Tuin.Ann Arbor:Open Humanities Press,2012.19-37.
• Butler,Judith.Gender Trouble:Feminism and the Subversion of Identity.New York:Routledge,1999.
• 陈海容：《新物质主义“新”在何处——评〈文学与唯物主义〉》,《外国文学》1 (2022):183—191.[Chen,Hairong.“Why New Materialisms?A Review of Frédéric Neyrat's Literature and Materialisms.” Foreign Literature 1 (2022):183-191.]
• Clemens,Justin.“Vomit Apocalypse;or Quentin Meillassoux's After Finitude.” Parrhesia 18 (2013):57-67.
• Coole,Diana,and Samantha Frost,eds.New Materialism:Ontology,Agency,and Politics.Durham and London:Duke University Press,2010.
• Crutzen,Paul J.“Geology of Mankind.” Nature 415 (2002):23.
• Devellennes,Charles and Beno?t Dillet.“Questioning New Materialisms:An Introduction.” Theory,Culture & Society 35.7-8 (2018):5-20.
• Gamble,Christopher N.,et al.“What Is New Materialism?” Angelaki:Journal of Theoretical Humanities 24.6 (2019):111–134.
• Grosz,Elizabeth.Volatile Bodies:Toward a Corporeal Feminism.Bloomington and Indianapolis:Indiana University Press,1994.
• 韩启群：《布朗新物质主义批评话语研究》,《外国文学》6(2019):104—114。[Han,Qiqun.“A Study of Bill Brown's New Materialism in Literary Criticism.” Foreign Literature 6 (2019):104-114.]
• Harman,Graham.Objected-Oriented Ontology:A New Theory of Everything.London:Penguin Books,2017.
• Krzykawski,Micha?.“Why Is New Materialism Not the Answer?Approaching Hyper-Matter,Reinventing the Sense of Critique Beyond ‘Theory’.” Praktyka Teoretyczna 34.4 (2019):73-105.
• Latour,Bruno.Reassembling the Social:An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory.New York:Oxford University Press,2005.
• 奥尔多·利奥波德：《沙乡年鉴》,候文蕙译。长春：吉林人民出版社，1997年。[Leopold,Aldo.A Sand County Almanac.Trans.Hou Wenhui.Changchun:Jilin People's Press,1997.]
• Meillassoux,Quentin.After Finitude:An Essay on the Necessity of Contingency.London and New York:Continuum,2008.
• 邱小轻：《从新物质主义视角看<熊的神话>对人类与非人类自然的后人文书写》,《当代外国文学》4 (2020):88—94.[Qiu,Xiaoqing.“Human and Nonhuman Nature:A New-Materialist Reading of Posthumanist Writing in ‘The Myths of Bears’.” Contemporary Foreign Literature 4 (2020):88-94.]
• Rekret,Paul.“A Critique of New Materialism:Ethics and Ontology.” Subjectivity 9.3 (2016):225-245.
• Steffen,Will,et al.“The Trajectory of the Anthropocene:The Great Acceleration.” The Anthropocene Review 2.1 (2015):81-98.
• 唐建南：《物质生态批评——生态批评的物质转向》,《当代外国文学》2 (2016):114–121。[Tang,Jiannan.“Material Ecocriticism:The Material Turn in Ecocriticism.” Contemporary Foreign Literature 2 (2016):114-121.]
• Tompkins,Kyla Wazana.“On the Limits and Promise of New Materialist Philosophy.” Lateral 5.1 (2016).24 August 2021..
• 汪民安：《论家用电器》。郑州：河南大学出版社，2015年。[Wang,Min’an.Domestic Spaces in Post-Mao China:On Electronic Household Appliances.Trans.Shaobo Xie.London and New York:Routledge,2018.]
• Weintraub,Linda.What's Next:Eco Materialism and Contemporary Art.Bristol:Intellect,2018.
• Wolfe,Cary.What Is Posthumanism?Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press,2010.
• 肖坤冰：《宜茶之水：新物质主义视角下的中国名泉景观》,《艺术评论》10 (2022):50—60。[Xiao,Kunbing.“Water Suitable for Tea:Chinese Famous Spring Landscape from the Perspective of New Materialism.” Arts Criticism 10 (2020):50-60.]
• 杨北辰：《“新物质主义”视野下的电影媒介考古学》,《电影艺术》3 (2018):11—17。[Yang,Beichen.“Media Archeology from the Perspective of New Materialism.” Film Art 3 (2018):11-17.]
• 阳小莉：《论物的政治生态学及其实践意义——从简·本尼特的生机物质主义出发》,《鄱阳湖学刊》4 (2019):99—106。[Yang,Xiaoli.“The Political Ecology of Things and Its Practical Significance Based on Jane Bennett's Vital Materialism.” Journal of Poyang Lake 4 (2019):99-106.]
• 张嘉如：《物质生态批评中道德伦理论述的可能性与局限》,《东岳论丛》1 (2017):96—104。[Chang,Chia-ju.“The Possibilities and Limitation of Material Ecocriticism in the Discourse of Moral Ethics.” Dongyue Tribune 1 (2017):■,Slavoj.Absolute Recoil:Towards a New Foundation of Dialectical Materialism.London and New York:Verso,2014.
• ---.“Afterword:Objects,Objects Everywhere.” ■.Eds.Agon Hamza and Frank Ruda.London:Palgrave Macmillan,2015.177–192.
• ① 目前，国内对于新物质主义的相关研究主要集中在以下三个方面：一、新物质主义理论研究(韩启群；阳小莉);二、物质生态批评研究(唐建南；张嘉如);三、新物质主义理论在文学与艺术研究领域的运用研究(肖坤冰；邱小轻；杨北辰；汪民安)。
• ② 经典生机论也译作生机说，由德国胚胎学家和哲学家汉斯·杜里舒(Hans Driesch)在20世纪初提出的“生命要素(entelechy)”发展而来，主要用于说明生命的自主过程，并试图根据胚胎学的研究成果予以证明。与之具有相似哲学意涵的理论就是亨利·伯格森(Henri Bergson)提出的“生命冲动(élan vital)”。在《生机物质》这本书中，本尼特明确表明她的“生机物质主义”概念与经典生机论有很深的哲学渊源(阳小莉 103—104)。
• ③ 新物质主义的理论建构中存在的缺陷以及它可能带来的实践上的困难，是值得专文论述的重要议题(Krzykawski;Devellennes and Dillet;Boysen),限于篇幅，此处无法详述。